PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Vilela R.A., Leme T.M.C., Fantinato Neto P., Titto C.G., Pereira A.F.M., Balieiro J.C.C. & Titto E.A.L. 2013. [Physiological and behavioral responses of Holstein cows housed under cooling system.] Repostas fisiológicas e comportamentais de vacas Holandesas mantidas em sistema adiabático evaporativo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(11):1379-1384. Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Etologia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil. E-mail: reissa@usp.br This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cooling systems, ventilation and nebulization on the physiology and behavior of Holstein cows housed in free-stall during the summer of southeastern Brazil. 20 Holstein cows were subjected to two treatments with and without cooling system. Environmental parameters dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and black globe temperature were also recorded. Rectal temperature and respiratory rate were evaluated at 5h, 9h30min, 11h30min, 13h30min, 16h30min, 18h30min e 21h30min. The behavioral variables recorded were posture and activities from 5h to 21:30h. Statistics we done using the method of least squares means. Despite the statistical differences obtained for the physiological variables, they were not biologically effective and indicated that the animals were in thermal comfort. Animals that had ventilation and nebulization have eaten even during the hottest hours of the day. The cooling system is a strategy that allows greater thermal comfort to animals and therefore can optimize milk production by increasing the dietary intake.

• Animal behavior nebulization ventilation comportamento animal nebulização ventilação

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Vilela R.A., Leme T.M.C., Fantinato Neto P., Titto C.G., Pereira A.F.M., Balieiro J.C.C. & Titto E.A.L. 2013. [Physiological and behavioral responses of Holstein cows housed under cooling system.] Repostas fisiológicas e comportamentais de vacas Holandesas mantidas em sistema adiabático evaporativo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(11):1379-1384. Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Etologia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil. E-mail: reissa@usp.br Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de recursos de climatização, ventilação e nebulização, sobre a fisiologia e o comportamento de vacas Holandesas alojadas em free-stall, durante o verão do sudeste brasileiro. Foram utilizadas 20 vacas Holandesas submetidas a dois tratamentos com e sem climatização. Os parâmetros ambientais registrados foram temperatura de bulbo seco, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura de globo negro. As variáveis fisiológicas avaliadas foram temperatura retal e frequência respiratória. As variáveis comportamentais registradas foram postura e suas atividades dentro da instalação. Para análise estatística utilizou-se a metodologia de quadrados mínimos por meio do procedimento PROC MIXED e PROC GLM. Apesar das diferenças estatísticas obtidas para as variáveis fisiológicas, as mesmas não foram biologicamente efetivas e indicaram que os animais se encontravam em conforto térmico. Os animais que dispunham de ventilação e nebulização alimentaram-se mesmo nas horas mais quentes do dia. A climatização é uma estratégia que permite maior conforto térmico aos animais e por consequência pode aperfeiçoar a produção leiteira através do aumento no consumo alimentar.

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Riet-Correa F., Dantas A.F.M., Azevedo E.O., Simões S.D.V., Silva S.M.S., Vilela R. & Mendoza L. 2008. Outbreaks of rhinofacial and rhinopharyngeal zygomycosis in sheep in Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(1):29-35. Hospital Veterinário, CSTR, Universidades Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br Two outbreaks of zigomycosis with rhinofacial and two other with rhinopharyngeal lesions involving fungi with filamentous coaenocytic hyphae characteristic of entomoph-thoramycetous fungi are reported in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. One outbreak of rhinofacial zygomycosis occurred during the rainy season affecting 5 sheep. Another outbreak of the clinical form affected one out of 40 sheep during the dry season. Common clinical signs of the rhinofacial infection were bilateral serosanguineous nasal discharge with swelling of nostrils, upper lip, and the skin of the face. At necropsy the nasal mucosa showed dark brownish ulcerated areas which extended from the mucocutaneous region to 10cm inside the nasal vestibule. The mucosa of the hard palate was also ulcerated. The cutting surface of nostrils and palate showed a brownish or red spongeous tissue of friable consistency. One outbreak of rhinopharyngitis took place on an irrigated coconut farm; 7 out of 60 adult sheep were affected. Another outbreak affected a sheep in a flock of 80 during the dry season. Clinical signs as noisy respiration and dyspnoea due to mechanical blockage of the nasal cavities, swelling of the nostrils, and serosanguineous nasal discharge were observed. Six out of 8 sheep in this group showed exophthalmia, keratitis and unilateral corneal ulceration of the eye. The sheep either died of their infection or were euthanized after a clinical course of 7-30 days. At necropsy there was a dense yellow exudate in the nasopharyngeal area affecting the ethmoidal region, turbinate bones, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palates, orbital cavity, pharynges, regional muscles and lymph nodes. Histopathologically both forms of the disease showed multifocal granulomas with an eosinophilic necrotic reaction (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon) containing ribbon type coenocytic hyphae with 7-30mm in diameter similar to hyphae of zygomycetous fungi, possibly Conidiobolus spp. Outbreaks of both forms of mycotic rhinitis are common in northeastern Brazil and in other regions of the country.

• Conidiobolomycosis zygomycosis sheep semiarid

Abstract in Portuguese:

Abstract.- Riet-Correa F., Dantas A.F.M., Azevedo E.O., Simões S.D.V., Silva S.M.S., Vilela R. & Mendoza L. 2008. Outbreaks of rhinofacial and rhinopharyngeal zygomycosis in sheep in Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(1):29-35. Hospital Veterinário, CSTR, Universidades Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br Two outbreaks of zigomycosis with rhinofacial and two other with rhinopharyngeal lesions involving fungi with filamentous coaenocytic hyphae characteristic of entomoph-thoramycetous fungi are reported in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. One outbreak of rhinofacial zygomycosis occurred during the rainy season affecting 5 sheep. Another outbreak of the clinical form affected one out of 40 sheep during the dry season. Common clinical signs of the rhinofacial infection were bilateral serosanguineous nasal discharge with swelling of nostrils, upper lip, and the skin of the face. At necropsy the nasal mucosa showed dark brownish ulcerated areas which extended from the mucocutaneous region to 10cm inside the nasal vestibule. The mucosa of the hard palate was also ulcerated. The cutting surface of nostrils and palate showed a brownish or red spongeous tissue of friable consistency. One outbreak of rhinopharyngitis took place on an irrigated coconut farm; 7 out of 60 adult sheep were affected. Another outbreak affected a sheep in a flock of 80 during the dry season. Clinical signs as noisy respiration and dyspnoea due to mechanical blockage of the nasal cavities, swelling of the nostrils, and serosanguineous nasal discharge were observed. Six out of 8 sheep in this group showed exophthalmia, keratitis and unilateral corneal ulceration of the eye. The sheep either died of their infection or were euthanized after a clinical course of 7-30 days. At necropsy there was a dense yellow exudate in the nasopharyngeal area affecting the ethmoidal region, turbinate bones, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palates, orbital cavity, pharynges, regional muscles and lymph nodes. Histopathologically both forms of the disease showed multifocal granulomas with an eosinophilic necrotic reaction (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon) containing ribbon type coenocytic hyphae with 7-30mm in diameter similar to hyphae of zygomycetous fungi, possibly Conidiobolus spp. Outbreaks of both forms of mycotic rhinitis are common in northeastern Brazil and in other regions of the country.